Xenophon, a prominent ancient Greek historian, philosopher, and soldier, was born around 430 BCE in the city-state of Athens. He belonged to a wealthy family, which afforded him a good education, likely including training in philosophy under Socrates. This early exposure to philosophical thought would later influence his works, reflecting the ideals of virtue and leadership.

Xenophon’s life was marked by significant military involvement. He participated in the expedition of the Ten Thousand, a Greek mercenary army that sought to support Cyrus the Younger’s claim to the Persian throne. His experiences during this campaign, particularly the harrowing retreat of the army through hostile territory, are vividly recounted in his most famous work, “Anabasis.” This narrative not only serves as a historical account but also offers insights into leadership and resilience.

In addition to “Anabasis,” Xenophon authored several other notable works, including “Hellenica,” which continues Thucydides’ account of the Peloponnesian War, and “Memorabilia,” a collection of Socratic dialogues that highlight Socrates' teachings. His writings span various genres, including history, philosophy, and practical ethics, showcasing his versatility as a writer.

Xenophon’s personal life was shaped by his experiences as a soldier and a thinker. After the fall of Athens, he settled in Scillus, a town in the Peloponnese, where he lived the remainder of his life in relative peace. He died around 354 BCE, leaving behind a legacy that would significantly influence both historical and philosophical thought in Western tradition. His works continue to be studied for their insights into human behavior, ethics, and the complexities of political life.