Søren Kierkegaard, a pivotal figure in existential philosophy and theology, was born on May 5, 1813, in Copenhagen, Denmark. His full name was Søren Aabye Kierkegaard. He grew up in a strictly religious household as the son of a wealthy merchant, Michael Kierkegaard, and his wife, Ane Sørensdatter. Kierkegaard's early life was marked by a profound sense of melancholy and introspection, stemming partly from the death of his mother when he was just 14 years old. This loss would deeply influence his philosophical outlook, prompting him to explore themes of faith, despair, and individuality.

Kierkegaard's literary career began in earnest in the late 1830s and continued until his death on November 11, 1855, also in Copenhagen. His notable works include "Fear and Trembling," "Either/Or," and "The Sickness Unto Death," in which he examined the complexities of human existence, the nature of faith, and the struggle for authenticity in a conformist society. His writing style was innovative, often employing pseudonyms to present varying perspectives on philosophical issues, thereby inviting readers to engage in deeper reflection.

Despite his significant contributions to philosophy and literature, Kierkegaard's personal life was tumultuous. He famously had a complex relationship with Regine Olsen, whom he became engaged to but ultimately broke off the engagement, believing that his existential struggles and dedication to philosophy would hinder their happiness. This decision haunted him throughout his life and served as a recurring theme in his writings. Kierkegaard's legacy endures, influencing existentialist thinkers, theologians, and literary figures, cementing his status as one of the most important philosophers of the 19th century.