John Milton, born on December 9, 1608, in London, England, is widely regarded as one of the greatest poets in the English language. His full name is John Milton, and he was the son of a wealthy composer who recognized his intellectual potential early on. Milton's early life was marked by a rigorous education; he attended St. Paul's School and later Christ's College, Cambridge, where he excelled in both classical and literary studies. His strong foundation in languages and literature would later play a significant role in his poetic endeavors.

Milton's literary career began in earnest during the turbulent political landscape of 17th-century England. A staunch advocate for civil liberties and republicanism, he initially gained fame for his pamphlets and prose works, notably "Areopagitica," a passionate defense of free speech and an attack on censorship. However, it was his epic poem "Paradise Lost," published in 1667, that cemented his legacy. The poem, which explores themes of free will, redemption, and the nature of good and evil, is considered a cornerstone of Western literature. Other notable works include "Paradise Regained" and "Samson Agonistes," both of which further showcase his mastery of language and complex themes.

Milton's personal life was characterized by both triumph and tragedy. He married three times, with his first marriage to Mary Powell in 1642 ending in separation. He faced significant challenges, including the loss of his eyesight, which occurred in the 1650s. Despite these hardships, Milton continued to write, dictating many of his later works. He passed away on November 8, 1674, in Bunhill Fields, London, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to influence literature and thought to this day.