Daniel Defoe, born Daniel Foe on September 13, 1660, in London, England, was a pioneering novelist and journalist whose works laid the foundations for the modern novel. He passed away on April 24, 1731, in the same city, leaving behind a legacy that would influence generations of writers. Defoe's career spanned various professions, including merchant, political pamphleteer, and spy, but he is best remembered as a novelist.

Defoe's early life was marked by modest beginnings. The son of a tallow chandler, he received a basic education and was exposed to diverse ideas, which likely shaped his literary voice. He embarked on a mercantile career that proved tumultuous, leading to financial struggles and bankruptcy. These experiences imbued his writing with a sense of realism and a deep understanding of human nature.

Defoe's literary career blossomed in the early 18th century with the publication of "Robinson Crusoe" in 1719, a novel that has become a cornerstone of English literature. This tale of survival and self-reliance not only captivated readers but also established Defoe as a master of narrative. Other notable works include "Moll Flanders," "A Journal of the Plague Year," and "Roxana," each exploring themes of adventure, morality, and the complexities of human existence.

In his personal life, Defoe was married and fathered several children. His experiences as a businessman and his involvement in political affairs provided rich material for his writing, enhancing the depth and authenticity of his characters. Despite facing numerous challenges, including imprisonment for his satirical writings, Defoe remained a prolific and influential figure until his death, solidifying his place in literary history as one of the first novelists of the English language.