William Dean Howells, born on March 1, 1837, in Martins Ferry, Ohio, was a prominent American author, literary critic, and playwright. He is best known for his role in the development of realism in American literature, a movement that sought to depict everyday life and the complexities of social issues in a truthful manner. Howells passed away on May 11, 1920, in New York City, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to influence writers today.

Howells grew up in a modest family, which instilled in him a strong work ethic and an appreciation for literature from a young age. He pursued education at the local schools and briefly attended the University of Michigan. However, financial constraints forced him to leave school early. His early life experiences, including the challenges of living in a rapidly changing America, would later inform his writing and thematic focus.

His literary career began in earnest when he became the editor of the "Atlantic Monthly" in 1871, a position he held for nearly three decades. This role allowed him to champion the work of other writers and to establish himself as a leading voice in American literature. Howells authored several notable works, including "The Rise of Silas Lapham," "A Modern Instance," and "The Country Gentleman." These works exemplify his commitment to realism, exploring the intricacies of human relationships and societal norms.

In his personal life, Howells married Elinor Mead in 1862, and they had three children together. Their family life was marked by both joy and tragedy, as they faced the loss of a child, which profoundly affected Howells. Throughout his life, he remained socially and politically engaged, advocating for issues such as women's rights and labor reform. His contributions to literature and social thought have cemented his place as a key figure in American literary history.