Stephen Crane, born on November 1, 1871, in Newark, New Jersey, was an influential American author, poet, and journalist known for his innovative contributions to literature in the late 19th century. He passed away at a young age on June 5, 1900, in Badenweiler, Germany, due to tuberculosis. Despite his brief life, Crane left an indelible mark on American literature, particularly in the realms of realism and naturalism.

Crane’s early life was shaped by his upbringing in a well-educated family; his father was a Methodist minister, and his mother was a suffragist. He attended several schools, eventually graduating from Lafayette College, although he left before completing his degree to pursue a career in writing. His exposure to the Civil War through family stories and his firsthand experiences as a war correspondent significantly influenced his literary themes.

Crane's literary career began with the publication of his first novel, "Maggie: A Girl of the Streets," in 1893, which offered a gritty portrayal of urban life and social struggles. However, it was his second work, the iconic war novel "The Red Badge of Courage," published in 1895, that established his reputation. The novel's psychological depth and vivid imagery captured the horrors of war and the human psyche, earning him acclaim as a pioneer of modern American literature. Other notable works include "The Black Riders and Other Lines" and "The Open Boat," both reflecting his mastery of imagery and symbolism.

In his personal life, Crane was known for his tumultuous relationships and bohemian lifestyle, often engaging with other literary figures of his time. He had a notable relationship with actress Cora Taylor, who supported him during his later years. Despite facing numerous challenges, including financial instability and ill health, Crane's literary legacy endures, marking him as a seminal figure in American literature. His work continues to inspire and influence writers and readers alike.