Omar Khayyam, full name Ghiyath al-Din Abu'l-Fazl Omar ibn Ibrahim Al-Khayyam, was born on May 18, 1048, in Nishapur, a city in present-day Iran. He was a multifaceted genius, excelling not only as a poet but also as a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. Khayyam's contributions to various fields have cemented his legacy as one of the most influential figures in Persian literature and science.

Khayyam's early life is shrouded in some mystery, but it is known that he received an exceptional education, studying mathematics and astronomy, which laid the groundwork for his later achievements. He became well-versed in the sciences of his time, contributing significantly to the development of algebra and the calendar. His mathematical treatises, particularly on cubic equations, were groundbreaking and set the stage for future advancements.

Literarily, Khayyam is best known for his collection of quatrains, or "Rubaiyat," which explores themes of love, mortality, and the fleeting nature of life. The most famous translation of these poems was done by Edward FitzGerald in the 19th century, which introduced Khayyam's work to a broader audience and greatly increased his popularity in the West. The quatrains reflect a philosophical outlook that blends skepticism with a deep appreciation for life's pleasures.

In terms of personal life, Khayyam remained relatively private, and little is known about his familial relationships. He spent much of his life in Nishapur and later in the court of the Seljuk Empire, where he was respected for his intellect. Omar Khayyam passed away in 1131 in Nishapur, leaving behind a rich legacy that continues to inspire readers and thinkers around the world. His works remain a testament to the enduring nature of human thought and emotion.