Langston Hughes, born James Mercer Langston Hughes on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri, was a pivotal figure in American literature and a leading voice of the Harlem Renaissance. He passed away on May 22, 1967, in New York City, leaving behind a profound legacy that continues to resonate today. Hughes was not only a poet but also a novelist, playwright, and social activist, deeply committed to exploring the African American experience.

Hughes's early life was marked by a series of relocations. After his parents' divorce, he was raised primarily by his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. His early exposure to literature, coupled with the rich oral traditions of African American culture, significantly influenced his writing. Hughes began writing poetry at a young age and showed a keen interest in literature, motivated by the works of poets like Walt Whitman and Paul Laurence Dunbar.

His literary career took off in the 1920s, during the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement that celebrated African American arts and literature. Hughes became known for his distinctive voice, characterized by its jazz rhythms and deep connection to black culture. His notable works include the poetry collections "The Weary Blues" and "Montage of a Dream Deferred," as well as the groundbreaking play "Mulatto." His writing often addressed themes of racial identity, social injustice, and the struggle for equality, reflecting the realities faced by African Americans.

In his personal life, Hughes was known for his commitment to social justice and his advocacy for civil rights. He traveled extensively, drawing inspiration from his experiences abroad. Despite facing racial discrimination and economic hardship, Hughes maintained a positive outlook on life and remained dedicated to expressing the complexities of the African American experience through his art. His enduring contributions to literature and culture have established him as one of the most significant American writers of the 20th century.