Hammurabi, often referred to as the King of Babylonia, is best known for his significant contributions to law and governance in ancient Mesopotamia. His full name is Hammurabi, and he was born around 1810 BCE in the ancient city-state of Babylon, which is located in present-day Iraq. He ruled from approximately 1792 BCE until his death in 1750 BCE, during which time he transformed Babylon into a major power in the region.

Hammurabi's most notable work is the Code of Hammurabi, one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. This legal code consists of 282 laws that established standards for commercial interactions, civil rights, and justice. The principles embodied in the code, famously summarized by the phrase "an eye for an eye," highlight the importance of justice and order in Hammurabi's vision for society. The code not only showcased his legal acumen but also served as a means for unifying various regions under his rule.

Hammurabi's early life remains somewhat obscure, but he was likely educated in the traditions of Sumerian and Akkadian cultures, which were rich in literature and law. His literary career can be viewed through the lens of his legal and political achievements, as his reign marked a period of cultural and intellectual advancement in Babylon. His ability to inscribe laws and decrees onto stone steles demonstrates his commitment to governance and the written word.

In his personal life, Hammurabi was known to have been a family man, with references to his descendants hinting at a lineage that sought to continue his legacy. His reign is often characterized by a blend of military prowess and diplomatic skill, as he expanded his territory through both conquest and alliances. Hammurabi's enduring legacy lies in his role as a lawgiver, and his code continues to be studied and referenced in discussions of legal history and ethics.