John Steinbeck, born John Ernst Steinbeck Jr. on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California, is regarded as one of America's most significant literary figures. He grew up in a rural farming community that greatly influenced his writing, instilling in him a deep understanding of the struggles faced by the working class. Steinbeck passed away on December 20, 1968, in New York City, leaving behind a profound legacy as a novelist and social commentator.

Steinbeck's early life was marked by a strong connection to the land and its people. He worked various jobs during his youth, including as a laborer and a ranch hand, experiences that would later inform his portrayals of the American working class. He attended Stanford University intermittently but never completed his degree, opting instead to pursue a career in writing.

His literary career began in the 1930s, with works that often explored themes of social injustice, human suffering, and the dignity of the laborer. Notable works include "The Grapes of Wrath," which won the Pulitzer Prize in 1940, "Of Mice and Men," and "East of Eden." These novels not only reflect the economic hardships of the Great Depression but also delve into complex human relationships and moral dilemmas.

Steinbeck's personal life was as varied as his literary output. He was married three times and had two sons. His experiences traveling across the United States and his involvement in various social causes enriched his writing, allowing him to capture the essence of American life during tumultuous times. Through his enduring works, Steinbeck remains a poignant voice for the marginalized, making significant contributions to American literature and social thought.