Jean Racine, born on December 22, 1639, in La Ferté-Milon, France, is one of the most celebrated playwrights of the French classical era. His full name is Jean Baptiste Racine. He is renowned for his tragedies, which are characterized by their emotional depth and intricate character portrayals, reflecting the themes of love, fate, and the human condition. Racine's literary contributions cemented his status as a pillar of French literature.

Racine's early life was marked by the influence of his mother, who raised him after the death of his father when Racine was just three years old. He received a solid education, attending the prestigious Port-Royal-des-Champs, a Jansenist school, where he developed a profound understanding of classical literature and philosophy. This educational background would later inform his writing, allowing him to draw on classical themes and structures.

Racine's literary career began in earnest in the 1660s, a period when he emerged as a formidable force in French theater. His first major work, "Andromaque" (1667), was a significant success, showcasing his mastery of tragic form. Following this, he produced a series of acclaimed plays, including "Phèdre" (1677), "Britannicus" (1669), and "Bérénice" (1670). These works not only solidified his reputation but also established him as a rival to contemporaries such as Molière and Corneille. Racine's plays were distinguished by their psychological complexity and the use of elevated language, which resonated with audiences and critics alike.

In his personal life, Racine experienced both triumph and turmoil. He married Catherine de Romanet in 1663, and the couple had several children. However, Racine's devotion to his craft often conflicted with his family life, leading to a complex relationship with his wife. Additionally, he transitioned into a more public role later in life, serving as the royal historiographer and gaining favor with King Louis XIV. Jean Racine passed away on April 21, 1699, in Paris, leaving behind a legacy that continues to influence playwrights and scholars around the world. His works remain a cornerstone of classical French literature, celebrated for their artistic brilliance and emotional resonance.