Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a pivotal figure of the Enlightenment, was born on June 28, 1712, in Geneva, Switzerland. His full name reflects his heritage, with "Jean-Jacques" denoting the French influence of his upbringing. Rousseau's life journey ended on July 2, 1778, in Ermenonville, France, where he passed away after a prolific career that left a lasting impact on philosophy, literature, and political theory.

Rousseau's early life was marked by personal hardships. Orphaned at a young age, he was raised by his father and later left Geneva to escape his turbulent family life. His formative years were spent in the company of various mentors, where he developed a deep appreciation for music, literature, and philosophy. This eclectic upbringing laid the groundwork for his later works, as Rousseau sought to understand the human condition and the nature of society.

As a literary figure, Rousseau gained prominence for his unique contributions to philosophy and literature. His notable works include "The Social Contract," which introduced concepts of individual freedom and collective governance, and "Emile, or On Education," a treatise on education that emphasized natural development. His autobiographical work, "Confessions," is considered one of the first modern autobiographies, allowing readers an intimate glimpse into his thoughts and experiences.

Rousseau's personal life was as complex as his intellectual pursuits. He struggled with relationships, often finding himself at odds with friends and contemporaries. His tumultuous love affair with Thérèse Levasseur led to a long partnership, though their relationship was fraught with challenges. Despite his personal difficulties, Rousseau's ideas on democracy, education, and the inherent goodness of humanity have continued to resonate, solidifying his legacy as one of the most influential thinkers of the Enlightenment.