Ivan Turgenev, a prominent figure in Russian literature, was born on November 9, 1818, in Oryol, Russia. He came from a wealthy landowning family, which afforded him a comfortable upbringing and access to education. Turgenev's early life was marked by a tumultuous relationship with his mother, a strong-willed woman who played a significant role in shaping his character. His education began in Oryol before he moved to Moscow and later to St. Petersburg, where he immersed himself in the cultural and intellectual life of Russia.

Turgenev's literary career took off in the 1850s, a period during which he wrote some of his most notable works. His breakthrough came with the publication of "A Month in the Country" (1855), a play that showcased his ability to portray complex human emotions and social dynamics. However, it was his novel "Fathers and Sons" (1862) that solidified his reputation as a major literary figure. The novel explores the generational conflict between nihilism and traditional values, reflecting the social changes occurring in Russia at the time. Other significant works include "Rudin" (1856), "Home of the Gentry" (1859), and "Smoke" (1867).

In addition to his literary accomplishments, Turgenev's personal life was marked by relationships with several influential women, including the famous opera singer Pauline Viardot, with whom he had a lifelong bond. He spent many years in Western Europe, particularly in France, where he mingled with notable literary figures of the time, including Gustave Flaubert and Henry James.

Turgenev passed away on September 3, 1883, in Bougival, France. His works continue to be celebrated for their deep psychological insight and exploration of social issues, securing his legacy as one of Russia’s greatest authors.