Friedrich Schiller, born Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller on November 10, 1759, in Marbach am Neckar, Germany, was a pivotal figure in German literature and a key proponent of the Sturm und Drang movement. He was raised in a modest family; his father was a military officer, and his mother was the daughter of a merchant. Schiller's early education was heavily influenced by his father's military background, leading him to study at a military academy, where he honed his literary talents amidst a strict and disciplined environment.

Schiller's literary career began in earnest with the publication of his first play, "Die Räuber" ("The Robbers"), in 1781. This work was groundbreaking, showcasing themes of freedom and rebellion against societal constraints. Following this success, Schiller continued to explore complex philosophical and historical themes in his subsequent plays, including "Don Carlos," "Mary Stuart," and "Wallenstein." His collaboration with Johann Wolfgang von Goethe marked a significant period in German literature, culminating in the "Weimar Classicism" movement, which sought to harmonize the ideals of the Enlightenment with Romanticism.

In addition to his dramatic works, Schiller was also a prolific poet and essayist, with notable contributions such as "Ode to Joy," which later inspired Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. His writings often reflect his deep philosophical inquiries into aesthetics, morality, and the human condition, establishing him as a thinker of great depth and insight.

Schiller's personal life was marked by struggles with health and financial instability, yet he found solace in his friendships and intellectual pursuits. He married Charlotte von Lengefeld in 1790, and the couple had five children. Schiller died of tuberculosis on May 9, 1805, in Weimar, Germany. His legacy endures, as he is celebrated not only for his literary achievements but also for his profound influence on German thought and culture.