Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, born on September 29, 1547, in Alcalá de Henares, Spain, is widely regarded as one of the most important figures in Western literature. His most notable work, "Don Quixote," published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, is often considered the first modern novel and has had a profound influence on the literary tradition. Cervantes' death occurred on April 22, 1616, in Madrid, Spain, marking the end of a life filled with both literary achievement and personal struggles.

Cervantes’ early life was marked by instability and hardship. He was the fourth of seven children in a family of modest means. His father, a physician, faced financial difficulties, which forced the family to move frequently. In his youth, Cervantes pursued education and developed a passion for literature. He later became involved in the military, participating in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, where he was severely injured, losing the use of his left hand. Following his military service, Cervantes faced financial difficulties, leading to a series of imprisonments due to debt.

Cervantes’ literary career began in earnest while he was imprisoned. His early works included poems and plays, but it was "Don Quixote" that ultimately defined his legacy. The novel's exploration of reality versus illusion and its innovative narrative style set it apart from its contemporaries. Cervantes also wrote other notable works, including "Novelas Ejemplares" and "Los Trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda," the latter published posthumously.

In his personal life, Cervantes married Catalina de Salazar y Palacios in 1584, and together they had several children. Despite his literary success, Cervantes struggled with financial instability throughout his life, often living in poverty. His experiences of hardship and resilience deeply influenced his writing, infusing his characters with depth and complexity. Cervantes’ enduring legacy continues to resonate, solidifying his place as a foundational figure in the world of literature.