Confucius, whose full name is Kong Fuzi (or Kongzi), was a prominent Chinese philosopher and educator born on September 28, 551 BCE, in the small state of Lu, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province, China. He is celebrated for his profound influence on Chinese culture, philosophy, and social thought. Confucius passed away on April 11, 479 BCE, also in Qufu, leaving behind a legacy that has shaped ethical and moral frameworks in East Asia and beyond.

Confucius's early life was marked by modest beginnings. He was born into a family of the lower nobility, and his father died when he was just three years old, leaving his mother to raise him in a challenging environment. Despite these hardships, he was an eager learner. His education focused on literature, history, and rituals, which later became central themes in his teachings. He held various minor government positions in his youth, which provided him with insights into governance and society.

Confucius’s literary career began in earnest as he sought to promote his philosophies. His most significant work, the "Analects," is a compilation of his sayings and ideas, recorded by his disciples. This text emphasizes moral integrity, the importance of relationships, and the value of education. Other notable works associated with Confucius include discussions on governance, ethics, and social harmony, which laid the foundation for Confucianism.

In his personal life, Confucius married at a young age and had several children. His family life was characterized by the Confucian ideals of filial piety and respect for elders, which he advocated throughout his teachings. Despite facing political struggles and periods of exile, he remained committed to his principles, dedicating his later years to teaching and spreading his philosophy. Confucius’s enduring legacy continues to influence contemporary thought, making him one of history's most significant figures in philosophy and ethics.