François-Marie Arouet, known by his pen name Voltaire, was born on November 21, 1694, in Paris, France. He emerged as one of the most influential writers and philosophers of the Enlightenment, known for his wit, advocacy of civil liberties, and criticism of established religion and institutions. Voltaire passed away on May 30, 1778, in Paris, leaving behind a legacy that continues to resonate in modern thought.

Voltaire's early life was marked by a privileged upbringing. He was the son of a prosperous lawyer, which afforded him a quality education. He attended the prestigious Lycée Louis-le-Grand, where he cultivated his interest in literature and philosophy. His sharp intellect and provocative ideas often landed him in trouble, leading to multiple imprisonments and exiles throughout his early career.

Voltaire's literary career began in earnest in the early 18th century, marked by his first major work, "Oedipe," a tragedy that debuted in 1718. He quickly gained recognition for his sharp satirical style, notably in works such as "Candide" (1759), which critiques optimism and the human condition. His prolific output included plays, essays, and philosophical works, with themes that championed reason, tolerance, and freedom of expression.

In his personal life, Voltaire was known for his relationships with several influential women, including Émilie du Châtelet, a noted scientist and philosopher. He was also deeply involved in political discourse, often advocating for social reform and justice. His commitment to Enlightenment ideals and his fearless criticism of authority made him a central figure in the intellectual landscape of his time, ensuring that his thoughts would endure long after his death. Voltaire's legacy as a champion of reason and free thought continues to inspire generations of thinkers and writers.