Dante Alighieri, one of the most significant figures in world literature, was born in Florence, Italy, in 1265. His full name is Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri, but he is commonly known as Dante. His early life in Florence was marked by the political turmoil of the time, as the city was divided between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, factions that supported different sides in the power struggle between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor. This political backdrop would later influence much of his work.

Dante's literary career is best encapsulated in his monumental epic poem, "The Divine Comedy," written between 1308 and 1320. This work is divided into three parts: "Inferno," "Purgatorio," and "Paradiso." It explores themes of morality, redemption, and the human soul's journey towards God. "The Divine Comedy" is renowned for its imaginative depth and allegorical richness, blending classical philosophy with Christian theology. Other notable works include "La Vita Nuova," a prose and poetry collection reflecting on love and spirituality, and "Convivio," a philosophical treatise.

Despite his literary achievements, Dante's life was marked by personal and political challenges. He faced exile from Florence in 1302 due to political conflicts, which profoundly affected him and his writing. He spent the remainder of his life in various Italian cities, including Verona and Ravenna, where he ultimately died on September 14, 1321. Dante's enduring legacy as the "father of the Italian language" and a pioneer of modern poetic forms continues to influence literature and philosophy, securing his place as a timeless figure in literary history.