Flavius Josephus, originally named Joseph ben Matityahu, was born around 37 CE in Jerusalem, then part of Judea. He hailed from a priestly family and was well-educated, possessing a keen interest in both Jewish law and Greek literature. His upbringing in a culturally rich environment set the stage for his future contributions as a historian and scholar.

Josephus's early life was marked by the tumultuous political climate of Judea, which was under Roman rule. In his twenties, he became involved in the Jewish revolt against Rome (66-73 CE), initially serving as a general in Galilee. However, after being captured by Roman forces, he was granted Roman citizenship and became an advisor to the Emperor Vespasian and his son Titus. This pivotal shift in allegiance profoundly influenced his literary career.

Josephus is most renowned for his works "The Jewish War" and "Antiquities of the Jews." "The Jewish War," written between 75 and 79 CE, details the Jewish revolt against Rome and provides invaluable insights into first-century Jewish life. "Antiquities of the Jews," completed around 93 CE, chronicles Jewish history from creation to the outbreak of the revolt, aiming to demonstrate the significance of Jewish heritage to a Roman audience. His writings are characterized by a blend of historical narrative and theological reflection, showcasing his dual identity as a Jew and a Roman citizen.

In his personal life, Josephus married twice and had three children. His later years were spent in Rome, where he enjoyed the patronage of the Flavian emperors. He died around 100 CE, leaving behind a legacy as one of the most important historians of antiquity, whose works continue to be studied for their historical and cultural significance. Through his writings, Josephus not only documented Jewish history but also provided a unique perspective on the interactions between Judaism and the wider Greco-Roman world.