Philoctetes, Sophocles
Philoctetes
Sophocles
Category: Drama
Genres: Tragedy,Poetry
Level 11.611:17 h
Philoctetes was a master archer in ancient Greece who was disabled and left on the island of Lemnos. In Philoctetes, the hero Odysseus and Neoptolemus try to bring the archer to Troy. The story takes place during the Trojan war after the events of the Illiad. Read this wartime tale by Sophocles that continues the mythos of the Peloponnesian War.

Philoctetes

by
Sophocles

Philoctetes

Dramatis Personae

Ulysses, King of Ithaca
Neoptolemus, son of Achilles
Philoctetes, son of Poeas and Companion of Hercules
A SPY
Hercules
Chorus, composed of the companions of Ulysses and Neoptolemus

Scene: A Lonely Region on the Shore of Lemnos, before a Steep Cliff in Which Is the Entrance to Philoctetes’ Cave. Ulysses, Neoptolemus and an Attendant Enter

ULYSSES
At length, my noble friend, thou bravest son
Of a brave father — father of us all,
The great Achilles — we have reached the shore
Of sea-girt Lemnos, desert and forlorn,
Where never tread of human step is seen,
Or voice of mortal heard, save his alone,
Poor Philoctetes, Poeas’ wretched son,
Whom here I left; for such were my commands
From Grecia’s chiefs, when by his fatal wound
Oppressed, his groans and execrations dreadful
Alarmed our hosts, our sacred rites profaned,
And interrupted holy sacrifice.
But why should I repeat the tale? The time
Admits not of delay. We must not linger,
Lest he discover our arrival here,
And all our purposed fraud to draw him hence
Be ineffectual. Lend me then thy aid.
Surveying round thee, canst thou see a rock
With double entrance — to the sun’s warm rays
In winter open, and in summer’s heat
Giving free passage to the welcome breeze?
A little to the left there is a fountain
Of living water, where, if yet he breathes,
He slakes his thirst. If aught thou seest of this
Inform me; so shall each to each impart
Counsel most fit, and serve our common cause.

NEOPTOLEMUS (leaving ULYSSES a little behind him)
If I mistake not, I behold a cave,
E’en such as thou describst.

ULYSSES
Dost thou? which way?

NEOPTOLEMUS
Yonder it is; but no path leading thither,
Or trace of human footstep.

ULYSSES
In his cell
A chance but he hath lain down to rest:
Look if he hath not.

NEOPTOLEMUS (advancing to the cave)
Not a creature there.

ULYSSES
Nor food, nor mark of household preparation?

NEOPTOLEMUS
A rustic bed of scattered leaves.

ULYSSES
What more?

NEOPTOLEMUS
A wooden bowl, the work of some rude hand,
With a few sticks for fuel.

ULYSSES
This is all
His little treasure here.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Unhappy man!
Some linen for his wounds.

ULYSSES
This must be then
His place of habitation; far from hence
He cannot roam; distempered as he is,
It were impossible. He is but gone
A little way for needful food, or herb
Of power to ’suage and mitigate his pain,
Wherefore despatch this servant to some place
Of observation, whence he may espy
His every motion, lest he rush upon us.
There’s not a Grecian whom his soul so much
Could wish to crush beneath him as Ulysses.

[He makes a signal to the Attendant. who retires.]

NEOPTOLEMUS
He’s gone to guard each avenue; and now,
If thou hast aught of moment to impart
Touching our purpose, say it; I attend.

ULYSSES
Son of Achilles, mark me well! Remember,
What we are doing not on strength alone,
Or courage, but oil conduct will depend;
Therefore if aught uncommon be proposed,
Strange to thy ears and adverse to thy nature,
Reflect that ’tis thy duty to comply,
And act conjunctive with me.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Well, what is it?

ULYSSES
We must deceive this Philoctetes; that
Will be thy task. When he shall ask thee who
And what thou art, Achilles’son reply —
Thus far within the verge of truth, no more.
Add that resentment fired thee to forsake
The Grecian fleet, and seek thy native soil,
Unkindly used by those who long with vows
Had sought thy aid to humble haughty Troy,
And when thou cam’st, ungrateful as they were.
The arms of great Achilles, thy just right,
Gave to Ulysses. Here thy bitter taunts
And sharp invectives liberally bestow
On me. Say what thou wilt, I shall forgive,
And Greece will not forgive thee if thou dost not;
For against Troy thy efforts are all vain
Without his arrows. Safely thou mayst hold
Friendship and converse with him, but I cannot.
Thou wert not with us when the war began,
Nor bound by solemn oath to join our host,
As I was; me he knows, and if he find
That I am with thee, we are both undone.
They must be ours then, these all-conquering arms;
Remember that. I know thy noble nature
Abhors the thought of treachery or fraud.
But what a glorious prize is victory!
Therefore be bold; we will be just hereafter.
Give to deceit and me a little portion
Of one short day, and for thy future life
Be called the holiest, worthiest, best of men.

NEOPTOLEMUS
What but to hear alarms my conscious soul,
Son of Laertes, I shall never practise.
I was not born to flatter or betray;
Nor I, nor he — the voice of fame reports —
Who gave me birth. What open arms can do
Behold me prompt to act, but ne’er to fraud
Will I descend. Sure we can more than match
In strength a foe thus lame and impotent.
I came to be a helpmate to thee, not
A base betrayer; and, O king! believe me,
Rather, much rather would I fall by virtue
Than rise by guilt to certain victory.

ULYSSES
O noble youth! and worthy of thy sire!
When I like thee was young, like thee of strength
And courage boastful, little did I deem
Of human policy; but long experience
Hath taught me, son, ’tis not the powerful arm,
But soft enchanting tongue that governs all.

NEOPTOLEMUS
And thou wouldst have me tell an odious falsehood?

ULYSSES
He must be gained by fraud.

NEOPTOLEMUS
By fraud? And why
Not by persuasion?

ULYSSES
He’ll not listen to it;
And force were vainer still.

NEOPTOLEMUS
What mighty power
Hath he to boast?

ULYSSES
His arrows winged with death
Inevitable.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Then it were not safe
E’en to approach him.

ULYSSES
No; unless by fraud
He be secured.

NEOPTOLEMUS
And thinkst thou ’tis not base
To tell a lie then?

ULYSSES
Not if on that lie
Depends our safety.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Who shall dare to tell it
Without a blush?

ULYSSES
We need not blush at aught
That may promote our interest and success.

NEOPTOLEMUS
But where’s the interest that should bias me?
Come he or not to Troy, imports it aught
To Neoptolemus?

ULYSSES
Troy cannot fall
Without his arrows.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Saidst thou not that I
Was destined to destroy her?

ULYSSES
Without them
Naught canst thou do, and they without thee nothing.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Then I must have them.

ULYSSES
When thou hast, remember
A double prize awaits thee.

NEOPTOLEMUS
What, Ulysses?

ULYSSES
The glorious names of valiant and of wise.

NEOPTOLEMUS
Away! I’ll do it. Thoughts of guilt or shame
No more appal me.

ULYSSES
Wilt thou do it then?
Wilt thou remember what I told thee of?

NEOPTOLEMUS
Depend on ’t; I have promised — that’s sufficient.

ULYSSES
Here then remain thou; I must not be seen.
If thou stay long, I’ll send a faithful spy,
Who in a sailor’s habit well disguised
May pass unknown; of him, from time to time,
What best may suit our purpose thou shalt know.
I’ll to the ship. Farewell! and may the god
Who brought us here, the fraudful Mercury,
And great Minerva, guardian of our country,
And ever kind to me, protect us still!

Ulysses Goes out as the Chorus Enters. The following Lines Are Chanted Responsively between Neoptolemus and the Chorus

CHORUS (strophe 1)
Master, instruct us, strangers as we are,
What we may utter, what we must conceal.
Doubtless the man we seek will entertain
Suspicion of us; how are we to act?
To those alone belongs the art to rule
Who bear the sceptre from the hand of Jove;
To thee of right devolves the power supreme,
From thy great ancestors delivered down;
Speak then, our royal lord, and we obey.

NEOPTOLEMUS (systema 1)
If you would penetrate yon deep recess
To seek the cave where Philoctetes lies,
Go forward; but remember to return
When the poor wanderer comes this way, prepared
To aid our purpose here if need require.

CHORUS (antistrophe 1)
O king! we ever meant to fix our eyes
On thee, and wait attentive to thy will;
But, tell us, in what part is he concealed?
’Tis fit we know the place, lest unobserved
He rush upon us. Which way doth it lie?
Seest thou his footsteps leading from the cave,
Or hither bent?

NEOPTOLEMUS (advancing towards the cave, systema 2)
Behold the double door
Of his poor dwelling, and the flinty bed.

CHORUS
And whither is its wretched master gone?

NEOPTOLEMUS
Doubtless in search of food, and not far off,
For such his manner is; accustomed here,
So fame reports, to pierce with winged arrows
His savage prey for daily sustenance,
His wound still painful, and no hope of cure.

CHORUS (strophe 2)
Alas! I pity him. Without a friend,
Without a fellow-sufferer, left alone,
Deprived of all the mutual joys that flow
From sweet society — distempered too!
How can he bear it? O unhappy race
Of mortal man! doomed to an endless round
Of sorrows, and immeasurable woe!